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| | **Theodor Holm Nelson** (født [[jernbaner:1937]]) er amerikansk [[sociolog]], [[filosof]] og pioner i [[dokumenter:informationsteknologi]]. Han skabte begrebet "[[dokumenter:hypertekst|hypertext]]" i [[jernbaner:1963]] og offentliggjorde det i [[jernbaner:1965]]. Han opfandt også andre ord, bla. //[[dokumenter:hypermedia]]//, ''[[dokumenter:transclusion]]'', ''[[dokumenter:virtuality]]'', //[[dokumenter:intertwingularity]]// and //[[dokumenter:teledildonics]]//. Hovedlinjen i hans arbejde har været at gøre computerteknologi let tilgængelig for alle. Hans motto er: |
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| | <blockquote>Brugergrænsefladen bør være så enkel, at den i en nødsituation kan forstås af en nybegynder på 10 sekudner.</blockquote> |
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| | Nelson grundlagde [[dokumenter:Projekt Xanadu|Xanadu-projektet]] i 1960. Målet var at skabe et computernetværk med en simpel brugergræsneflade. Anstrengelserne blev dokumenteret i 1974 i hans bøger //Computer Lib// og //Dream Machines// og i 1981 i //Litterære maskiner//. En stor del af sit voksne liv har han brugt på at arbejde med og fremme Xanadu. |
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| | Af en række årsager, der stadig debatteres, blev Xanadu-projektet aldrig en succes. Journalisten Gary Wolf offenligjorde en ikke særligt flatterende historie om Nelson og Xanadu i juni 1995 udgaven af [[Wired magazine]]. Nelson udtrykte sin afsky på sin web-site og truede med at sagsøge Gory Jackal. [[http://ted.hyperland.com/whatsay/]]. |
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| | Nogle elementer af Xanadu er ved at blive virkeliggjort med [[dokumenter:Tim Berners-Lee]] opfindelse af [[dokumenter:World Wide Web]]. Webbet skylder Xanadu meget for inspiration, men Nelson bryder sig ikke om World Wide Web, [[dokumenter:XML]] og al indlejret [[dokumenter:markup]] og han betragter Berners Lees arbejde som en oversimplificering af sit eget arbejde. |
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| | HTML er lige hvad vi prøver at undgå; altdi brudte links, links der kun går udad, citater du ikke kanfølge til deres oprindelse, ingen versionsstyring, ingen rettighedsstyring. Ted Nelson ([[http://xanadu.com.au/ted/TN/WRITINGS/TCOMPARADIGM/tedCompOneLiners.html|Ted Nelson one-liners]]) |
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| | '''Theodor Holm Nelson''' (born [[June 17]] [[1937]]) is an [[United States|American]] [[sociologist]], [[philosopher]], and pioneer of [[information technology]]. He coined the term "[[hypertext]]" in 1963 and published it in 1965. He also is credited with first use of the words ''[[hypermedia]]'', ''[[transclusion]]'', ''[[virtuality]]'', ''[[intertwingularity]]'' and ''[[teledildonics]]''. The main thrust of his work has been to make computers easily accessible to ordinary people. His motto is: |
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| | <blockquote>A user interface should be so simple that a beginner in an emergency can understand it within ten seconds.</blockquote> |
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| | Ted Nelson promotes four maxims: "most people are fools, most authority is malignant, God does not exist, and everything is wrong". {{Fact|date=June 2007}} |
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| | ==Career== |
| | Nelson founded [[Project Xanadu]] in 1960 with the goal of creating a computer network with a simple user interface. The effort is documented in his 1974 book ''Computer Lib/Dream Machines'' and the 1981 ''Literary Machines''. Much of his adult life has been devoted to working on Xanadu and advocating it. |
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| | The Xanadu project itself failed to flourish, for a variety of reasons which are disputed. Journalist Gary Wolf published an unflattering history, ''The Curse of Xanadu''[http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/3.06/xanadu.html], on Nelson and his project in the June, 1995 issue of [[Wired magazine]]. Nelson expressed his disgust on his website[http://ted.hyperland.com/whatsay/], referring to Wolf as a "Gory Jackal", and threatened to sue him. |
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| | Nelson claims some aspects of his vision are in the process of being fulfilled by [[Tim Berners-Lee]]'s invention of the [[World Wide Web]]. However, Nelson says he dislikes the World Wide Web, [[XML]] and all embedded [[markup language|markup]], and regards Berners-Lee's work as a gross over-simplification of his own work: |
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| | <blockquote>HTML is precisely what we were trying to PREVENT— ever-breaking links, links going outward only, quotes you can't follow to their origins, no version management, no rights management. – Ted Nelson ([http://xanadu.com.au/ted/TN/WRITINGS/TCOMPARADIGM/tedCompOneLiners.html Ted Nelson one-liners ]) |
| | </blockquote> |
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| | Nelson is working on a new information structure, [[ZigZag (software)|ZigZag]], which is described on the Xanadu project website, which also hosts two versions of the Xanadu code. |
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| | He is currently a philosopher and visiting professor at [[Oxford University]] working in the fields of [[information]], computers, and human-machine interfaces. |
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| | ==Education and awards== |
| | Nelson earned a [[Bachelor's degree]] in philosophy from [[Swarthmore College]] in 1959, a [[Master's degree]] in sociology from [[Harvard University]] in 1963 and a [[Doctorate]] in Media and Governance from [[Keio University]] in 2002. |
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| | In 1998, at the Seventh WWW Conference in Brisbane, Australia, Ted was awarded the [[Yuri Rubinsky Memorial Award]]. He told the audience that it was the first award that he had ever received for his work. |
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| | In 2001 he was knighted by France as "Officier des Arts et Lettres". In 2004 he was appointed as a Fellow of Wadham College, Oxford, and associated with the [[Oxford Internet Institute]], where he is currently conducting his research. |
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| | He is the son of the late [[Emmy Award]]-winning [[television director|director]] [[Ralph Nelson]] and the [[Academy Awards|Academy Award]]-winning [[Actor|actress]] [[Celeste Holm]]. His ethnicity is primarily [[Norwegian American|Norwegian-American]]. |
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| | == Bibliography == |
| | * ''Life, Love, College, etc.'' (1959) |
| | * ''Computer Lib: You can and must understand computers now/Dream Machines: New freedoms through computer screens—a minority report'' (1974), Microsoft Press, rev. edition 1987: ISBN 0-914845-49-7 |
| | * ''The Home Computer Revolution'' (1977) |
| | * ''[[Literary Machines]]: *''Literary Machines: The report on, and of, Project Xanadu concerning word processing, electronic publishing, hypertext, thinkertoys, tomorrow's intellectual... including knowledge, education and freedom'' (1981), Mindful Press, Sausalito, California. |
| | **Publication dates as listed in the 93.1 (1993) edition: 1980, 1981, 1982, 1983, 1984, 1987, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993 |
| | * ''The Future of Information'' (1997) |
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| | * ''[http://jodi.tamu.edu/Articles/v05/i01/Nelson/ A Cosmology for a Different Computer Universe: Data Model, Mechanisms, Virtual Machine and Visualization Infrastructure]''. Journal of Digital Information, Volume 5 Issue 1. Article No. 298, [[July 16]], [[2004]] |
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| | == External links == |
| | *[[http://ted.hyperland.com|Ted Nelson's homepage]] |
| | *[[http://xanadu.com.au/ted|another Ted Nelson's homepage]] |
| | *[[http://www.mprove.de/diplom/referencesNelson.html|detailed Ted Nelson bibliography]] |
| | *[[http://www.xanadu.net´|Xanadu project webpage]] |
| | *[[http://transliterature.org|Transliterature - A Humanist Design]] |
| | *[[http://www.latrobe.edu.au/screeningthepast/firstrelease/fr_18/BBfr18a.html| ''The Magical Place of Literary Memory: Xanadu'']] in [[http://www.latrobe.edu.au/screeningthepast|Screening the Past]], July 2005 by Belinda Barnet |
| | *[http://www3.iath.virginia.edu/elab/hfl0155.html ''Ted Nelson and Xanadu''], in ''The Electronic Labyrinth'', 1993 |
| | *[http://wired-vig.wired.com/wired/archive/3.06/xanadu.html The Curse of Xanadu], June 1995 Wired article by Gary Wolf |
| | *[http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/3.09/rants.html reactions to The Curse of Xanadu], September 1995 Wired magazine, from [[Vint Cerf]] and Ted Nelson, |
| | *[http://web.archive.org/web/20041009214354/http://www.ics.uci.edu/~ejw/csr/nelson_pg.html Orality and Hypertext]: An Interview with Ted Nelson |
| | *[http://ted.hyperland.com/TQdox/zifty.d9-TQframer.html ''Way Out Of The Box ''], by Theodor Nelson, [[October 8]], [[1999]] |
| | *[http://www.file.org.br/file2005/textos/symposium/eng/tednelson.htm Software and Media for a New Democracy]a talk given by Ted Nelson at the [http://www.file.org.br File festival] Symposium/November/2005 |
| | *[http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/13.08/tech.html Wired article, recalling interview with Nelson], August 2005 |
| | *[http://webcast.oii.ox.ac.uk/?view=Webcast&ID=20051121_112 The Politics Of Internet Software 'Geeks Bearing Gifts'], a talk given by Ted at the Oxford Internet Institute, [[November 30]], [[2005]] |
| | *[[http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-8329031368429444452|Transclusion: Fixing Electronic Literature]], a talk given by Ted at [[Google]], [[January 29]], [[2007]] |
| | *[[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=En_2T7KH6RA|Ted Nelson demonstrate Xanadu]] |
